YIC2025

Phase-Field-Based Chemo-Mechanical Modelling of Corrosion-Induced Cracking in Reinforced Concrete

  • Korec, Evzen (University of Oxford)
  • Jirásek, Milan (Czech Technical University in Prague)
  • Wong, Hong (Imperial College London)
  • Martínez-Pañeda, Emilio (University of Oxford)

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A new model for corrosion-induced cracking in reinforced concrete is presented [1,2]. Corrosion of steel in concrete is responsible for 70-90% of prematurely deteriorated reinforced concrete structures and can even cause structural failure as infamously documented by recent collapses of aerated concrete panels in British schools. The state-of-the-art knowledge of the underlying processes has been incorporated into three interconnected sub-models –- (i) a reactive transport model for: (i.A) the transport of water and aggressive corrosion-activating species (such as chlorides or carbon dioxide) to the steel surface and (i.B) the transport of iron ions released from the steel surface in the concrete pore space where they precipitate into rust, (ii) a model for the corrosion-induced pressure resulting from the concurrent constrained accumulation of compressible rust in: (ii.A) the dense rust layer in the steel volume vacated by corrosion and (ii.B) in the concrete pore space (evaluated with a newly proposed precipitation eigenstrain), and (iii) a phase-field fracture model calibrated to accurately describe the quasi-brittle fracture of concrete. The proposed model was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics software and solved numerically with the finite element method. Both uniform and non-uniform corrosion case studies were investigated and validated with experimental data. Importantly, the model allows to simulate the impact of the magnitude of the current density on the propagation rate of cracks, which has been puzzling researchers for over 25 years. In addition, for the first time, time-to-cracking for highly porous aerated concrete was investigated. References: [1] E. Korec, M. Jirásek, H.S. Wong, E. Martínez-Pañeda, Unravelling the interplay between steel rebar corrosion rate and corrosion-induced cracking of reinforced concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 186, 107647 (2024). [2] E. Korec, M. Jirásek, H.S. Wong, E. Martínez-Pañeda, A phase-field chemo-mechanical model for corrosion-induced cracking in reinforced concrete, Construction and Building Materials 393, 131964 (2023).