YIC2025

Multiscale Numerical Model for the Analysis of Laminated Glass Structures Exposed to Static Load

  • Grozdanic, Gabrijela (UNIST)
  • Galic, Mirela (UNIST)
  • Ibrahimbegovic, Adnan (UTC)

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This work [1] presents a multiscale numerical model for analysing laminated glass (LG) structures under static loads, validated through experimental tests and analytical calculations. The first part focuses on how atmospheric temperatures and load durations affect the stiffness of LG members. The goal is to understand how these factors influence structural behaviour, using both analytical methods and numerical models. Analytical calculations apply the effective thickness approach (ETA), using various expressions from literature and regulations. Each expression’s accuracy in predicting deflection and stress was tested across different temperatures and load durations, and results were compared and analysed. Numerical simulations were done using ANSYS and validated by experimental four-point bending tests according to [2]. Numerical models didn’t simulate breakage due to limitations in modelling glass's nonlinear behaviour. Therefore, a fixed load (below nonlinear limits) was applied while varying temperature and load duration. Results showed that temperature, load duration, and interlayer type and thickness significantly influence stiffness. The second part deals with the challenge of modelling brittle fracture under static loads. Current methods often require predefined cracks, which aren't suitable for glass, especially tempered glass. To overcome this, a multiscale model (FEM) based on the embedded discontinuity method was developed. This method allows fracture simulation without initial cracks and can predict ultimate loads without modelling detailed fracture patterns. The model combines a micro model (with a real cross-section) and a macro model (using a monolithic equivalent) to predict the ultimate capacity of LG members. The results are validated through comparison with experimental tests, and the prediction proves satisfactory. The third part analyses in-plane loaded LG members using a simplified numerical model with the “Level 2” of interlayer modelling from regulations [3]. This includes the ETA for predicting buckling forces. Two numerical models were used—one with beam elements and one with shell elements—across various geometries, interlayer types, and boundary conditions. The results were validated against experimental data from the literature.